Nails were expensive and difficult to obtain in the American colonies, so that abandoned houses were sometimes deliberately burned down to allow recovery of used nails from the ashes. From the late 16th century, manual slitters disappeared with the rise of the slitting mill, which cut bars of iron into rods with an even cross-section, saving much manual effort.)Īt the time of the American Revolution, England was the largest manufacturer of nails in the world. (Workmen called slitters cut up iron bars to a suitable size for nailers to work on. Until around 1800 artisans known as nailers or nailors made nails by hand – note the surname Naylor. Nails themselves were sufficiently valuable and standardized to be used as an informal medium of exchange. The term "penny", as it refers to nails, probably originated in medieval England to describe the price of a hundred nails. The Roman army, for example, left behind seven tons of nails when it evacuated the fortress of Inchtuthil in Perthshire in Scotland in 86 to 87 CE. The Bible provides a number of references to nails, including the story in Judges of Jael the wife of Heber, who drives a nail (or tent-peg) into the temple of a sleeping Canaanite commander the provision of iron for nails by King David for what would become Solomon's Temple and in connection with the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. In at least some metalworking traditions, nail-headers might have been identical to draw-plates (a plate bored with tapering holes of different sizes through which wire can be drawn to extrude it to increasingly fine proportions). Unable to advance through the hole, the broad end is flattened against the nail-header to create a nail-head. The broad end of the pin is slightly wider than the hole of the nail-header: the smith fits the pin into the hole of the nail-header and then hammers the broad end of the pin. This is then inserted into a nail-header (also known as a nail-plate), essentially a plate of iron with a small hole in it. In hand-working of nails, a smith works an approximately conical iron pin tapering to a point. Hand wrought Hand-forging a nail, including use of a nail-header Partly mechanised boat nail production in Hainan, China ![]()
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